Guide · Investing for kids · Updated October 2026
Roth IRA for Kids: A Parent's Guide to Custodial Roth IRAs
Quick answer: a custodial Roth IRA is a retirement account a parent opens for a child under 18. Your child can contribute only if they have earned income — money paid for real work like a part-time job or babysitting — up to what they earned that year (the 2026 limit is $7,500). Money grows tax-free, so a few hundred dollars at 15 can be worth many times more at retirement.
Key facts
- Minimum age: none — earned income is the only requirement.
- 2026 limit: the lesser of the child's earned income or $7,500.
- Who controls it: the parent as custodian until the child reaches the age of majority (18 or 21, by state).
- Taxes: contributions go in after tax; qualified withdrawals in retirement are tax-free.
- Early access: contributions (not earnings) can generally be withdrawn anytime.
What counts as a child's earned income
| Usually counts | Usually doesn't count |
|---|---|
| Wages from a part-time or summer job | Allowance |
| Babysitting, pet sitting, lawn mowing for neighbors | Payment for ordinary household chores |
| Pay from a family business for real work at fair rates | Gifts, birthday money |
| Self-employment, like selling crafts or tutoring | Interest or investment gains |
Tax rules have exceptions, so keep a simple log of each job: date, who paid, what the work was and the amount. For ideas, see 25 ways for teens to make money.
How much it can grow
Illustration assuming a 7% average yearly return (not guaranteed; investments can lose value):
| Start age | Contribution | Value at 65 |
|---|---|---|
| 15 | $1,000 once | about $21,000 |
| 15 | $1,000 a year until 18 (4 years) | about $74,000 |
| 25 | $1,000 once | about $10,700 |
The same $1,000 is worth about twice as much when it starts at 15 instead of 25. That is compound growth — the single best lesson this account teaches.
How to open one in 5 steps
- Confirm earned income for the current year.
- Keep records — pay stubs or a written log of jobs.
- Pick a brokerage that offers custodial Roth IRAs and low-cost index funds.
- Open the account as custodian with both your and your child's details.
- Contribute and invest — and show your child the balance at each family money meeting.
Make it a family habit: earn, save, match
A Roth IRA works best when your child understands where the money came from. In Qoin Wealth, kids build the earning habit first: you assign tasks, check they're done and reward real money, then decide together how much goes to spending, saving and long-term goals. Once your teen has a real job, many parents offer a match — for example 50¢ for every dollar the teen puts into their Roth IRA. Remember that household chore rewards usually don't count as earned income; Qoin teaches the habit, real jobs fund the IRA.
FAQs
What is a custodial Roth IRA?
A Roth IRA opened by a parent or guardian for a child under 18 (or 21 in some states). The money belongs to the child; the adult manages it until the child comes of age, then control transfers to the child.
Is there a minimum age for a Roth IRA for kids?
No. There is no minimum age. What a child needs is earned income — money paid for real work — during the year of the contribution.
Does allowance or chore money count as earned income?
Generally no. An allowance or payment for ordinary household chores is usually not earned income. Wages from a job, and self-employment such as babysitting, pet sitting or mowing neighbors' lawns, usually do count. Keep records of who paid, when and for what.
How much can a child put in a Roth IRA in 2026?
The lesser of the child's earned income for the year or the IRS annual limit, which is $7,500 for 2026. A teen who earned $2,000 can contribute up to $2,000.
Can parents contribute for the child?
Yes. A parent can put in the money — for example matching what the teen earned — as long as the total doesn't exceed the child's earned income for that year.
Does a custodial Roth IRA affect financial aid?
Retirement accounts are generally not counted as assets on the FAFSA, but withdrawals can count as income. Check current FAFSA rules or ask a financial aid office before withdrawing.
This guide is general education, not tax or investment advice. Check IRS Publication 590-A or a tax professional for your situation.
Related guides
- Investing for teens: how old do you have to be?
- Kids savings accounts
- How to save money as a teenager
- Learning Library
Sources & further reading
- IRS — Retirement topics: IRA contribution limits (2026 limit: $7,500)
- IRS, IR-2025-111 — 2026 retirement cost-of-living adjustments
- IRS Publication 590-A — Contributions to IRAs
Spot something out of date? Email hello@getqoin.com and we'll fix the page. Read how Qoin Wealth researches and updates its guides on the editorial policy.